始终无法切除的结直肠癌肝转移的原发肿瘤外科治疗
摘 要 20%的结直肠癌(CRC)病人在初診时即为Ⅳ期疾病,这些病人中75%~90%合并不可切除的肝转移(CRLM)。CRLM是CRC治疗的难点,也是其最主要的死亡原因。对于转化治疗失败,肝转移肿瘤始终无法切除的CRLM病人,原发灶出现出血、梗阻或穿孔等并发症时,应姑息性手术治疗。但是,对于无症状或症状轻微的原发肿瘤,其治疗策略仍然存在争议。传统的治疗理念认为,对选择的始终无法切除的CRLM病人姑息性切除原发性肿瘤,然后进行全身化疗,可以使病人的生存受益,并可避免因并发症而急诊手术的必要性。但是,亦有研究认为随着联合化疗和靶向药物的联合使用,可以很好地控制肠道原发病灶,而无需手术治疗,除非出现与之相关的并发症。目前尚无针对该问题的RCT研究提供Ⅰ级证据支持哪种方法对无症状的、始终无法切除的CRLM带来额外的生存受益。
关键词 结直肠癌肝转移 姑息性 外科 化疗
中图分类号:R735.3; R730.56 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2017)19-0041-05
Palliative excisional surgery for primary colorectal cancer in patients with uesectional live metastases
WU Gang*, CAI Duan
(Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)
ABSTRACT Twenty percent of patients with colorectal cancer have stage IV disease at their diagnosis, in which 75%-90% have uesectable metastases. CRLM is the difficulty of CRC treatment, and the most important cause for death. For patients with uesectable liver metastases who fail to undergo conversion therapy, primary tumors should be surgically removed when primary complications such as bleeding, obstruction or perforation occur. However, the treatment strategies for asymptomatic or mild primary tumors remain to be controversial. According to the traditional concept of treatment, palliative resection of the primary tumor in selected asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with stage IV colorectal cancer should be performed and then undergo systemic chemotherapy, which is associated with longer survival and can reduce the likelihood of complications from the primary tumor and avoid the need for emergency procedures. Some studies reported that the combination chemotherapy and targeted drug could control the primary tumor without palliative surgery, unless there were complications associated with primary tumor. There is no grade I evidence available for the RCT study on this subject, which supports an additional survival benefit for asymptomatic CRLM primary tumors that are always uesectable.
KEY WORDS colorectal cancer liver metastases; palliative; surgery; chemotherapy
结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,全球每年CRC的新发病例约120万,死亡病例超过60万[1]。在我国CRC的发病率呈逐渐上升趋势,其每年的递增速度快于全球平均值。肝脏是CRC最常见的转移部位,超过50%的CRC病人在其病程中发生肝转移[2]。结直肠癌肝转移(colorectal liver metastasis,CRLM)是CRC治疗的难点,也是其最主要的死亡原因。约20%的CRC病人初诊时即为Ⅳ期疾病,其中75%~90%合并不可切除的肝转移,并且需要姑息性治疗[3]。2007年—2011年瑞典的一项CRLM研究显示,27 990例CRC中,4 243例为同时性CRLM(15.2%),其中1 094例(25.8%)同时合并发肺转移,在3 149例肝转移病人中,556例(17.8%)接受了肝切除[4]。初始治疗时超过80%的同时性CRLM无法手术根治,虽然通过转化治疗可以使部分初始无法切除的肝转移最终接受了肝切除[5],但是,大多数的同时性CRLM始终无法手术根治。对于这些病人,梗阻、出血和穿孔是其原发肿瘤最常见的并发症。这些并发症往往危及生命,并且明显影响病人的生活质量[6]。