【事业编+烟草考试】英语部分专项练习（一）

　 招聘考试英语部分专项练习（一）

　 Part I Reading Comprehension

　Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: If the salinity of ocean water is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it well tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.

　In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of oceans of the world. 1. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Where do we get our table salt? B. Oceanic salinity in tropical regions C. Three basic processes that alter oceanic salinity D. Variations of salinity in different parts of the ocean 2. According to the author, the oceanic salinity is usually lower in _____.

　A. tropical regions B. coastal regions C. places in which warm currents and cold currents meet D. the Antarctica 3. All of the following are processes that decrease ocean salinity except _____. A. precipitation

　 B. runoff

　C. melting

　D. evaporation 4. What does the word “subtraction" in the fourth line of the first paragraph mean? A.

　reduction

　 B. influx

　C. transformation

　 D. freezing 5. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ice in oceans? A. The surrounding water sinks. B. The water becomes denser. C. Water salinity decreases. D. The surrounding water becomes colder.

　Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

　More than a century ago, the relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean basins was first seen. When the great ice sheet covered vast land areas, the sea level was lowered because the normal return of water from land to the ocean was reduced. As a result, the sea level rose as Ice Age glaciers melted allowing the melted waters to flow into the ocean. If all the glacial ice on the surface of the earth today should melt, the sea level might rise by more than 150 feet. Shoreline variations are also produced through elevation or depression of the land. During times of glacier formations the great weight of the ice slowly depressed the earth"s crust. Removal of the weight through glacier melting allowed the slow return of the crust to its former position. Changes in the Great Ice climates from cool and wet to warm and dry produced climate changes far from the glaciated area. For example, at times of cool-wet glacial climates, levels of inland lakes rose, in contrast to the depression of sea level. During the warm-dry interglacial climates, lake levels were lowered. The ancient lake Bonneville, largest of the glacial lakes in Western United States, once covered more than 20,000 square miles. It had a maximum depth of more than 1,000 feet. Great Salt Lake in Utah is the shrunken remnant of this once large lake. Although the first time that early man walked on the earth is uncertain, he is largely a product of the Great Ice Age. Present information shows that during this time he evolved rapidly both physically and culturally. His most primitive tools and skeletal remains have been found in some of the oldest deposits contemporary with the Great Ice Age in Africa, Asia and Europe. These are often associated with remains of extinct animals. With the disappearance of the great ice sheets, the Bronze and Iron Age cultures evolved. About this time many animals suited to cooler climates died. Although much remains to be learned, the story of the Great Ice Age is being unfolded through the efforts of specialists in many fields. Recording field observation, new theories and methods, and worldwide studies of existing glaciers are bringing a clearer understanding of the Great Ice Age. 6. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage? A. Man has a lot more to learn about the Great Ice Age.

　B. The art of making tools was instrumental in bringing about the evolution of human brain. C. Many species were not suited to the warmer climates of the Bronze and Iron Age. D. The relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean basins was not seen until more than a hundred years ago. 7. According to the article, which of the following will induce the depression of sea level? A. formation of great masses of ice sheet on the land B. precipitation C. shoreline variations D. the advent of warm-dry interglacial climates 8. Why does the author cite the example of the Great Salt Lake in Utah? A. to show that it is a lake created in the Great Ice Age B. to show that it once was the largest lake in the United States C. to show that it evolved from the Bronze and Iron Age D. to show that it is what remained of the once large lake Bonneville 9. Which of the following can be learned about early man based on the information provided in the passage? A. The exact time of his appearance on the Earth is uncertain. B. He evolved rapidly physically and culturally during the Bronze and Iron Age. C. The ability to make primitive tools distinguished man from other animals. D. Early man lived mainly on animals hunted. 10. The best source of information about the Great Ice Age is obtained from _____. A. rock formations B. fossil remains C. primitive tools used by early man D. Antarctica"s ancient glacier

　Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

　Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born a hundred years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary (当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support

　them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often go on welfare if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (康复的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored (赞助) by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply dumping grounds for the dying in which care is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel. 11. What was the cause to the population growth according to the passage? A. increase of birth rate B. advance in medical care C. well-administered social welfare D. the decrease of death rate 12. It can be learned from the passage that in some traditional societies _____. A. infants may be left to die when there isn"t enough food to go around B. old and sick people are cared for at home until they died C. people are required to retire at a certain age D. people who are too weak or ill have to take care of themselves 13. What does the word “senile” in the first line of the last paragraph mean? A. advanced in age

　B. sick

　C. disabled

　 D. capricious 14. What is the author"s attitude toward the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals mentioned in the paragraph? A. suspicious

　B. optimistic

　C. neutral

　 D. critical

　Questions 15 to 20 are based on the following passage: Although we already know a great deal about influenza, and although the World Health Organization is constantly collecting detailed information from its chain of influenza reference laboratories throughout the world, it is extremely difficult for epidemiologists (流行病专家), who study infectious disease, to predict when and where the next flu epidemic will occur, and how severe it will be. There are three kinds of influenza virus, known as A, B and C. Influenza C virus is relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the population. The A and B types are unstable, and are responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern. Following any virus attack, the human body builds up antibodies which confer immunity to that strain of virus, but a virus with the capacity to change its character is able to by-pass this protection. Variability is less developed in the influenza B virus, which affects only human beings. An influenza B virus may cause a widespread epidemic but will have little effect if introduced into the same

　community soon afterwards, since nearly everyone will have built up antibodies and will be immune. The influenza A virus, which affects animals also, is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease, such as the unparalleled pandemic, or world epidemic, of 1918-1919, when about half the world"s population were infected and about twenty million people died, some from pneumonia caused by the virus itself and some from secondary complications(并发症) caused by bacteria. Accurate prediction is difficult because of the complication of the factors. A particular virus may be related to one to which some of the population have partial involved immunity. The extent to which it will spread will depend on factors such as its own strength, or virulence, the ease with which it can be transmitted and the strength of the opposition it encounters. Scientists, however, have a reliable general picture of the world situation. Influenza A attacks us in waves every two or three years, while influenza B, which travels more slowly, launches its main assaults every three to six years. The outbreaks vary from isolated cases to epidemics involving a tenth or more of the population. We may confidently prophesy that sooner or later large numbers of people will be feeling the unpleasant effects of some kind of influenza virus. 15. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage? A. Symptoms of Influenza B. Man Versus Virus C. World Health Organization: Forefront against Influenza Virus D. Variability of Influenza Virus 16. According to the author, which of the following is NOT true about influenza? A. Man has obtained a great deal of knowledge about influenza. B. The occurrence of influenza is still unpredictable. C. Influenza is being studied extensively and systematically in many countries in the world under the guidance of World Health Organization. D. No reliable treatment of influenza has yet been found. 17. What does the author say about the influenza B virus? A. B virus is relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the population. B. B virus is unstable, and is responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern. C. B virus is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease. D. B virus has a very developed variability, and it affects only human beings. 18. Which of the following is the most dangerous virus according to the passage? A. influenza A virus

　 B. influenza B virus C. influenza C virus

　D. it cannot be determined by the information provided 19. What does the word “assault” in the eighth line of the last paragraph mean? A. influence

　 B. attack

　C. symptom

　D. damage 20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the extent to

　which a virus spreads? A. the strength of the virus B. the strength of the opposition the virus encounters C. the ease with which the virus can be transmitted D. the immunity the virus can induce

　Part II Vocabulary and Structure

　Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　21. The facts he supplied were not relevant _____the case in question. A. with

　 B. to

　 C. for

　 D. about 22. A committee has been _____ by the counsel to look into the causes of unemployment. A. designed

　 B. devised

　C. worked

　 D. set up 23. Few articles in the newspapers _____more attention than that reporting the murder case with O.J. Simpson involved. A. enlist

　B. divert

　 C. draw

　 D. absorb 24. Julia _____two children since she got married in 1990. A. gives birth to

　 B. has given birth to C. has been giving birth to

　 D. gave birth to 25. The hospital was built on the side of a river, hence _____. A. it has the name Riverside

　 B. given the name Riverside C. has got the name Riverside

　D. the name Riverside 26. It took them several weeks to _____the wild horse. A. cultivate

　 B. civilize

　 C. curb

　 D. tame 27. By the time you graduate, we _____in Australia for one year. A. will be staying

　B. will have stayed C. would have stayed

　D. have stayed 28. He appreciated _____the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature. A. having given

　 B. to have been given C. to have given

　D. having been given 29. They left for the airport very early in the morning _____traffic jam. A. in line with

　 B. at the risk of C. in case of

　 D. for the sake of 30. Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, _____water shortage is the worst. A. not to mention

　 B. of which C. let alone

　D. for what

　31. The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds _____his arguments in

　favor of the revision of the tax law. A. on which to base

　B. which to be based on C. to base on which

　D. on which to be based 32. Hydrogen is one of the most important element in the universe _____it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced. A. so that

　B. but that C. provided that

　D. in that 33. Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives, _____ stress. A. so is

　 B. as it is C. and so is

　D. the same is 34. While a young man, he decided to put aside a little money every month to make

　for his old age. A. provision

　B. supply

　 C. adjustment

　D. insurance 35. The sales department has submitted a _____of their annual sales report to the board of directors. A. schedule

　 B. sketch

　 C. shorthand

　 D. scheme 36. It would be difficult for anyone to behave in a _____way when one is in a furious state. A. rational

　B. legal

　 C. stable

　 D. credible 37. The final exams approached, _____the students became more and more nervous. A. notwithstanding

　B. for C. although

　 D. as 38. Vingo took a bus and headed for home, if his wife would have _____him back. A. not to know

　B. not known C. not knowing

　D. not having known 39. We can make an exception _____. A. in any case of John

　B. in case of John C. in case of John"s

　D. in the case of John 40. When the Cultural Revolution was launched in China, his father _____college. A. attended

　 B. had been attending C. was attending

　D. has been attending 41. It"s not safe to carry valuables around here. You"d better _____them in the hotel safe along with your passport. A. save

　B. hide

　C. pack

　D. deposit 42. To proof-read these piles of documents is very time _____ . A. consuming

　 B. spending

　 C. expending

　D. wasting 43. According to the weather _____, tomorrow will be overcast and dull. A. forecast

　B. foreword

　 C. premonition

　 D. prophecy 44. Armed with all the first-hand evidence, I was able to _____his argument in the court. A. deny

　B. refuse

　C. contradict

　D. refute 45. This information doesn"t shed any light _____the problem. A. in

　B. toward

　C. on

　D. to 46. They feel they are justified _____the child because he was not behaving himself.

　A. to punish

　B. to be punishing C. in punishing

　 D. punishing 47. We can"t just _____his guilt. We"ve got to have some hard evidence to prove it. A. assume

　B. presume

　 C. believe in

　D. guess 48.

　_____in the first round of the competition, our team took the earliest flight back. A. Being knocked out

　 B. Having been knocked out C. We were knocked out

　 D. We had been knocked out

　49. If the door was not forced open, _____that the burglar must have had a key. A. it follows

　B. it is followed

　C. following is

　D. it will be followed 50. The famous football star was _____ with the murder of his ex-wife and her boyfriend. A. convicted

　B. charged

　C. blamed

　D. accused

　 参考答案

　Part I Reading Comprehension 1. D。文章的主要内容是在不同的地区和地理、温度、气候条件下海洋的盐度。

　2. B。根据文中信息，在沿岸地区，因为有淡水河流的注入，所以盐度较低。

　3. D。文中第一段指出，蒸发使海洋失去水分，留下了盐分，盐的浓度就此增加。降水、径流、溶化都是减少盐分的过程。

　4. A。subtraction 的意思是“减少，抽走”。

　5. C。文中很明确指出，海洋中冰的形成会引起盐度的增加。所以 C 显然不是海水结冰的结果。

　6. B。工具的制造对人脑的进化起到了至关重要的作用，这一点并未在文中提到。

　7. A。文中开头提到当大片的陆地面积被冰所覆盖时，因为注入海洋的地表径流量减少，使得海平面下降。

　8. D。作者在第一段的结尾处举大盐湖的例子是为了说明它是一度覆盖 2000 平方英里的波那维尔湖因为在间冰期的温暖干燥时期湖面下降而逐渐缩小面积而形成的。

　9. A。文中第二段的开头指出，人类最初出现在地球上的时间还不能最后确定。

　10. C。文中第二段指出，发现的人类在冰河时代的工具和人骨可以帮助人们对冰河时代的情况有更多的了解。

　11. D。文中第一段指出，人口的增加并不是因为出生率的增加，而是死亡率的下降。

　12. B。文章第二段说明，在过去的、传统型的社会中，老人一般在自己的家里得到照料直到寿终正寝。

　13. A。senile 的意思是“年老的”。

　14. D。从文章的最后一段可以看出，作者对于那些疗养院是持批评的态度，用的大多是贬义词。如 dumping grounds， poorly paid, overworked, 和 underskilled。

　15. B。文章讨论的主要话题是不同的感冒病毒对人的影响，所以最合适的题目是“人和病毒”。

　16. D。文章并没有提到人们还没有找到任何治疗感冒的良方。

　17. B。文章第二段开头指出，B 型病毒不稳定，而且往往会引起大范围的传染病的传播。

　18. A。通过文章的介绍，可以看出，A 型病毒是这三种病毒中对人类危害的一种，因为它不稳定，并会造成危害性极大的流感的传播。

　19. B。assault 的意思是“袭击”。

　20. D。文章最后一段说明，病毒传播的程度和它本身的强度，它遇到的抵抗力，和它传播的难易程度都是密切相关的。但是文章没有提到病毒能带来的免疫力。

　Part III Vocabulary and Structure 21. B。relevant to：相关，切题。

　22. D。“成立一个委员会”：to set up a committee。set up 在这里是“创立、开办、建立”的意思。

　23. C。draw attention to something: 把某人的注意力吸引到……上来。也可以说attract one"s attention to something。

　24. B。give birth to：生子，产崽。因为有完成时态的标志词 since，所以必须用现在完成时。

　25. D。hence 是个副词，“因此”。这个词较正式，用法也较特殊，后面的动词经常省略。直接跟名词、形容词。

　26. D。tame：驯服。cultivate：耕种。civilize：使文明。curb：给马上马缰。控制，抑制，约束。

　27. B。将来完成时常常和 by 和 not. until＋时间名词以及如 build, complete, finish等表示完成意义的动词连用。另外在 believe, hope, suppose(料想)等动词后面，也常常用将来完成时。比如：I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我预料你明天就会变主意了。

　28. D。在下列动词后面如果紧跟另一个动词或者是助动词 have，则这些动词必须以 ing形式出现。不可以用不定式。Admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, detest, discontinue, dislike, dispute, enjoy, escape, excuse, explain, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, can"t help, hinder, imagine, mention, mind, miss, it necessitates. pardon, postpone, practice, prevent, recall, report, resent, resist, risk, suggest, understand。

　29. C。in case of：万一，以防。等于 for fear there should be。有时可以省略 of和后面的介词宾语。比如：They brought an umbrella just in case. For the sake of：为了…… 30. B。which 引导非限定性定语从句。指代前文的 problems。

　31. A。to base something on something：把……建立在……的基础上。这里 which 指代的是 grounds。

　32. D。in that 在这里相当于一个连词 because。再比如：

　This tribe has a very strange custom in that they always leave the corpse of their deceased relatives exposed until the vultures eat the flesh up. 这个部族有个非常奇怪的风俗，因为他们总是把死去的亲人的尸体暴露直到秃鹰吃光它们的肉。

　33. A。as. so.正如同…… ……也是…… 常用来连接两个并列的名词。比如：

　Just as Hong Kong is one of the biggest financial centers in the world, so is New York. 正如同香港是世界最大的金融中心，纽约也是。

　34. A。

　provision：预备，防备。

　to make provisions for the future：为将来作好准备。

　35. B。

　sketch：草稿。schedule：时间表。shorthand：速记。scheme：策划。

　36. A。rational：有理性的。

　37. D。as：当……的时候。在这里是连词。

　38. C。not knowing.是分词短语作状语。表示动作发生的背景或者情况。

　39. D。in the case of.就……而言，对……来说。

　40. C。因为 when 引导的时间状语从句有较明确的“一点时间”，用过去进行时最好。

　41. D。deposit：存，存放。pack：收拾行李，装箱。

　42. A。time consuming：花时间的。给这么一大叠文件检查拼写错误是非常花时间的。

　43. A。weather forecast：天气预报。foreword：前言。premonition：预兆。prophecy：预言。

　44. D。refute：驳斥，用推理的方式驳斥别人的争论。

　contradict：仅仅是反对，也可用来表示论述或者事物之间明显的不协调。

　deny 表示对某一指控或是责难的否决。

　45. C。throw/cast/shed light on：使显得明朗，阐明，弄清 This information threw some light on the matter. 这个信息使得这件事显得明朗。

　The evidence obtained from that woman shed some light on this complicated case. 从那个女人那里得到的证据使得这个复杂的案子显得清晰了。

　46. C。to be justified in doing something：觉得自己做某事是正当的。也可用 justify的主动形式，比如：He cited a previous case to justify his argument.他引用了过去的一个案例来证明他的辩论是有理的。

　47. A。assume：假定，设想。presume: 假设，(没有根据地)相信。

　48. B。分词的现在完成式作原因状语，可以代替具有现在完成时的从句。分词完成式结构所表示的动作必须发生在主句的动作之前。

　to knock out：(在体育比赛中)淘汰。

　49. A。It follows that.(根据逻辑推理)可以断定…… It doesn"t follow that.并不意味着……并不一定…… 50. B。be charged with：被指控犯有…… 等于 to be accused of (doing) something。

推荐访问:英语 专项 烟草